Primary Source Documents · The Founders' Record

John Adams

1735–1826 · Massachusetts · Second President

The lawyer who defended the soldiers, the voice of independence, the first Vice President, the second President — from the diary and the papers.

John Adams portrait
John Adams
1735–1826

Patriot · Diplomat · Second President of the United States

Bureau of Engraving and Printing · Library of Congress
Episodes
Adams Part I — Braintree and the Revolution
The Massacre trial, Thoughts on Government, and the floor fight for independence.
Adams Part II — Congress and the Presidency
The 29 tie-breaking votes, the presidency, and the final day — July 4, 1826.
From the Record

Facts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence.

John Adams · Argument in Defense of the Soldiers · Boston Massacre Trials · December 1770 · Founders Online
Key Documents in the Archive
Boston Massacre Trial — Adams’ Argument for the Defense · December 1770
Founders Online · National Archives
Thoughts on Government · 1776
Yale Avalon Project
Vice Presidential Tie-Breaking Votes — All 29 of Adams’ Votes
United States Senate
The Adams Family Papers — Digital Edition
Massachusetts Historical Society
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The Full Archive →
52 episodes, 347 primary documents, 30 founders — browse by founder or topic.